Waves and Oscillation: Different equations of SHM, total energy and average energy, combination of SHM, spring mass systems, tensional pendulum; Two-body oscillation, reduced mass, damped oscillation, forced oscillation, resonance, progressive wave, power and intensity of wave, stationary wave, group and phase velocity. Optics: Defects of imaging, spherical aberration, astigmatism, coma, distortion, curvature, chromatic aberration. Theories of light, interference of light, Young’s experiment, Fresnel prism, and interference in thin films. Newton’s rings, interferometers, diffraction by single slit, diffraction from a circular aperture, resolving power of optical instruments, diffraction at double slit and N-slits, diffraction grating. Polarization and polarized light. Brewster’s law, polarization by double refraction, Nicol prism, optical activity and Polarimeters. Thermal Physics: Heat and work- the first law of thermodynamics and its applications; Kinetic Theory of gases Kinetic interpretation of temperature, specific heats of ideal gases, equipartition of energy, mean free path, Maxwell’s distribution of molecular speeds, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot’s cycle, second law thermodynamics, Carnot’s theorem, entropy, Thermodynamic functions, Maxwell relations, Clausius and Clapeyron equation.
