Number systems. BCD, ASCII codes. Logic gates and Boolean algebra, Combinational circuit design. NAND and NOR latches. Flip-flop. Frequency division and counting. Arithmetic circuits. Adder, 2’s complement addition and subtraction. The BCD adder, Counter: Asynchronous and Synchronous counters, MOD numbers, Decoding a counter. Cascading counters. Register: Shift registers, Frequency counter, digital clock .Encoders. Multiplexers, De-multiplexers. Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC), Integrated Circuit (IC) logic families: TTL logic family, Memory Devices: ROM architecture. EPROM, EEPROM, ROM applications. RAM architecture, static and dynamic RAM, DRAM structure operation and refreshing. The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Course Catalogue
Introductory concepts: Binary, octal and hexadecimal number system. BCD, ASCII codes. Logic gates and Boolean algebra, Combinational circuit design using NAND or NOR gates only, trouble shooting case studies. Minimization of switching functions, algebraic and graphical simplification of Boolean expression, Quine Mcluskcy method.
NAND and NOR latches: Clocked SR, JK, D and T flip-flop applications. Frequency division and counting, troubleshooting case studies. Arithmetic circuits. The half-adder and full-adder. Parallel adders, 1C parallel adders. 2’s complement addition and subtraction. The BCD adder. Binary multiplier, troubleshooting case studies.
Counter: Asynchronous ripple up and down counters, counters with any MOD numbers, asynchronous 1C counters, propagation delay. Parallel up, down and up/down counters. Presentable counters. Decoding a counter. Cascading counters.
Register: Shift registers, 1C shift registers, shift-register counters. Frequency counter, digital clock, trouble shooting case studies.
MSI Logic circuits: BCD-to-decimal decoders, BCD-to-7-segment decoder/drivers. Encoders. Multiplexers and their applications. Demultiplexers. Troubleshooting case studies. Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), digital-ramp ADC, successive approximation ADC, flash ADC. Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC): circuits, specifications, applications. Sample and hold circuits.
Integrated Circuit (1C) logic families: TTL logic family, standard TTL series characteristics, other TTL series, TTL loading rules, TTL open-collector outputs, tristate TTL. The ECL family. Digital MOSFET circuits, characteristics. CMOS arcuits, CMOS tristate logic TTL driving CMOS, driving TTL.
Memory Devices: Semiconductor memory technologies. ROM architecture timing and types of ROM. EPROM, EEPROM, ROM applications. RAM architecture, static and dynamic. RAM, DRAM structure operation and refreshing. Expanding word size and capacity. Magnetic bubble and CCD memories trouble shooting case studies. Introduction to sequential circuits, formal representation of sequential circuits.
Power Amplifiers: Collector efficiency; Class A amplifier; Class B Push-Pull amplifier; Class C amplifier; Tuned amplifier. Low-frequency Amplifiers: Cascading of CE stage; Mid-frequency gain; Low-frequency response of cascaded stages; Transformer coupled amplifier. High-frequency Amplifiers: High-frequency model for CE amplifier; Transistor noises. Feedback and Oscillators: impedance gain, gain, bandwidth and distortion; Stabilization; Positive feedback; RC Phase shift oscillators; Wein bridge oscillators; Resonant circuit oscillators; Crystal oscillators; Waveform generators. Operational Amplifiers: Difference amplifier; CMMR; Ideal operational amplifier; Inverting amplifier; Non-inverting amplifier; General-purpose IC operational amplifier; Integrator; Differentiator. The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Communication system. Modulation, Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation, Balanced Modulator, AM Transmitter, Super-heterodyne and Communication Radio Receivers, Angle Modulation and Demodulation, FM Receiver, TDM and FDM. Pulse Modulation and De-modulation, PWM, PPM & PCM Signals, delta modulation, adaptive delta modulation systems. TV Engineering: Scanning, Resolutions, BW requirements, Composite video signal, Allocation of channels T.V. Standards. T.V. Cameras, Receiver, T.V. Color System, NTSC, PAL-D SECAM, (Tx and Rx block diagram) color picture tubes, delta gun, PIL, Trintron types. Antenna and TV Transmission Lines, transmission and reception. Closed Circuit TV (CCTV), Cable TV (CTV), Satellite TV (STV) and High Definition TV (HDTV). The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Continuous-Time (CT) and Discrete-Time (DT) signals-Energy and Power signals. Periodic and aperiodic signals, Even and Odd signals. Exponential and sinusoidal signals-CT and DT Complex Exponential and Sinusoidal signals, Periodicity properties of DT Complex Exponentials. Singularity functions-DT and CT Unit Impulse, Unit step, Ramp sequences and functions. Derivatives of Impulse function. CT and DT Systems-Interconnections of Systems. Invertibility and Inverse Systems, Causality, Stability, Time Invariance and Linearity. The transform methods: Fourier methods, The Laplace Transform, Direct and inverse Z-transform. Digital filter.
Digital signals and systems, A-D conversion and quantization. PCM, Log-PCM, DPCM, ADPCM, DM, ADM, and LPC for speech signals, TDM, band transmission, data regenerators and clock recovery, inter-symbol interference, equalizers, digital modulation and demodulation – binary and M-array ASK, FSK, GMSK, PSK, DPSK and their spectra, circuits and systems, carrier recovery, performance of digital modulation systems, spread spectrum concept, band pass representation of noise, optimum and Wiener filter theory, matched filters, optimum signal detection and optimum receiver, elements of information theory and coding. The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Telephone Switching: Simple telephone connection, switching and signaling systems, single and multi- stage space switching. Analysis and design. Time/Digital switching systems, TS, ST, STS, TST systems, concept of packet switching and ATM, practical systems, circuit switching hierarchy and routing, signal systems – SS7. telephone instruments, pulse and tone dialing, BORSCHT functions, modems, digital subscribers loops, telephone traffic theory. Telephone Networks: Motivation for ISDN, New services, network and protocol architecture, transmission channels, user-network interfaces, service characterization, internetworking, ISDN standards, expert systems in ISDN, B-ISDN, voice data integration.
Control system, Writing system equations, Solution of Differential equations, Lap lace Transformations, System representation, Control system characteristics, Root locus, Frequency response, Root- locus compensation design. Controls research involves the development of computational and visualization tools, development of methods for high performance operation of multiple actuator systems, and trajectory generation and feedback using computationally efficient linear and nonlinear optimization techniques. The course includes lab works based on theory taught.
Significance and methods of measurements, Electrical and Electronic. Absolute and secondary instruments. Analog and digital instruments, Electronic instruments. RMS and quasi responding voltmeters, Automation in voltmeters, Accuracy and errors in digital instruments. Transducers, Signal generators, Frequency synthesizers and frequency analyzers, Analog and digital frequency meters. Oscilloscopes, Absorption and detection of radiation, Single channel and multi channel analyzers. Medical instruments: ECG, EEG, EMG, X-ray, Ultrasonography, Endoscopies, Pace-makers. Analytical instruments: pH meter, Thermal conductivity meters, Gas chromatograph, Spectrophotometers, and Mass spectrometers. Interfacing systems: Measurement and control of temperature, pressure, flow, strain, acceleration, vibration, liquid level and humidity. Instrument systems, types and techniques, versatility, data acquisition, stimulus response control, automatic testing , analog and digital interfaces, digital and computer controlled systems analog and digital recording systems, readouts and displays, Grounding of instruments. Electrical Measurements: Ammeter, Voltmeter, Ohmmeter, wattmeter Energy meter, Gauss and frequency meter, Extension of instrument ranges, electronics measuring instrument and oscilloscope.
Introduction: Digital Signal Processing and its benefits: Key DSP Operations, Real-time signal processing, Applications.
Discrete Transform: Fourier series, OFT, FFT and other discrete transforms, Z-transforms and its applications in signal processing, correlation and convolution with examples,
Filters: FIR, IIR and adaptive filters.
An overview of spectrum estimation and analysis.